Furnace wall



March 10, 1942.

FURNACE-WALL Filed Jan. 29, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 N. E. WERNER 2,275.933-

March 10, 1942. N. E. WERNER 2,275,933

FURNACE-WALL Filed Jan. 29, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Mar. 10, E942 uurreo STATS:

OFFEC low-Liptak Corporation, poration of Michigan Detroit, Mich, a cor- Application January 29, 1940, Serial'No. 316,137

11 Claims. The present invention relates to furnace-wall constructions and has for one of its principal objects a design of especially-thin refractories supported in a novel manner to permit highsurface-temperatures inside of the furnace without damage to the metal-supports of the wall.

Another aim of the invention is to permit the application of insulating-material to the outside surface of the refractories in any reasonable thickness limited only to its own permissible junction-temperature between the insulation and the refractories.

A further purpose of the invention is to allow a wide column spacing without appreciable increase in the cost of the supporting castings or other metal parts, and without disturbing the structural integrity of the wall.

An added salient feature of the inventionis to provide a structure which permits a'low cost of direct supports for the tiles and designed in 'such a manner as to produce low fibre stresses in the metal within the limits of destruction of the metal bond in the metal itself at the varying temperatures imposed upon it.

Heretofore, it has been customary to make the furnace-wall construction such that larger amounts of supporting metal were necessary to produce the refractory-support which, due to its peculiar designs, required heavier castings of larger cross-sectional area to conduct heat from their inner flanges to a large external metal area, and to radiate and to convect the energy to the outer atmosphere therefrom.

An object of the present invention is to adequately support the tile in units, in order to relieve or avoid cumulative loading of the refractories, and with as' small a cross-sectional area as is possible in the castings to conduct heat through them to a relatively-small exposed exterior surface to transmit this energy to the atmosphere, which produces a lower overall heat loss for the entire wall for the same given refractory and insulation thickness.

The foregoing is readily'understood and appreciated since cast-iron in the range of temperature imposed upon it conducts heat at the rate of approximately 350 B. t. u. per square foot per hour per degree difference in temperature per inch thickness, whereas the insulating-material applied to the exterior of the refractories con ducts heat in the mean temperature range imposed upon it of approximately one, or less than one, B. t. u. per square foot per hour per degree difference in temperature per inch thickness, and from this it will be readily comprehended that the smaller the cross-sectional area of metal projecting through the insulation and the smaller thearea of the castings exposed to the atmosphere, since they have such a high rate of thermal conductivity, the lower the overall heat loss of the wall for the same thickness of refractories and insulation.

, Moreover, a valuable feature of this invention is the provision of refractory-blocks of peculiar design which permit the support-of intervening refractory-tiles from the supporting blocks, thus limiting the number of castings or metal parts projecting through the insulation to sustain the refractories, with attendant lower heat losses and reduced cost of metal supporting material.

A still further object of this invention is to produce a construction which permits the ready application of acombination of plastic and block insulation, with its accompanying support from the wall as designed, to seal the walls thoroughly against deleterious air-infiltration through the same.

Another aim of the invention is to provide a combination of metal parts and refractoryshapes which permit the ready expansion of the individual units in all directions without disturbing the value and functional capacity of the wall by allowing each individual refractory member to expand freely in its original position of installation with an expansion-joint surrounding each I tile on four sides.

Moreover, another advantage in the new wall is the fact that all of the metal parts may be mounted by the erector before any of the refractories are applied to the wall, the metal clips or brackets being merely slid along into correct positions as the refractories are applied in place.

Other benefits and superior features 'of the improved and novel construction will become ap parent to those skilled in the art from a con sideration of the present preferred embodiments of the invention illustrated in detail in the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification ,and to'which reference should be had in connection with the following detailed description of the wall structures shown.

In these drawings, for simplicity, like reference numerals have been employed to designate line l| of Figure 2 through a fumace-wall in-.

corporating one style of the invention;

Figure 2 is a partial view of such a wall as seen from the inside of the furnace;

4 ready considered;

the angle-bar.

Figure 3 is'a fragmentary "sectionthroughthe wall on line 3-3 of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a partial elevation of the wall as viewed from the outsideof the furnace;

Figure 5 is a perspective view of one of the supportingtiles or refractory blocks as" viewed somewhat from above;

Figure 6 is a similar view of the same element as seen somewhat from below; i l

.Figure '1 is a perspective view of one of the intermediate-tiles which is supported, at its op- 'clip' also receiving and holding in proper position the top end portion of the next lower supportingtile. Each such refractory 32 (Figures 5 and 6) is recessed at the bottom of its outer rear face at 33 and the upper wall of such recess has a downwardly-directed lug or rib 34 cut away at-its opposite ends at 35, -35, such rib, as shown, being of less length than the 'width of the tile.

Each such tile or refractory-block 32, when in position in the wall, issupported at its lower end v by one of the brackets or clips 24 whose arms 29,

Figure 10 presents a modified structure showing the use of an intermediate-tile divided into three sections to take the place of the single the illustrated in Figure 7.

Figure 11 is a partial elevation of a wall made of refractories of different shapes than those al- Figure 12 is a perspective view .of one of the intermediate-refractories employed in the wall of- Figure 11;

Figure 13 is a similar view of one of the supporting-refractories of the wall of Figure 11;

Figure 14 shows a sectional-refractory of a plurality of parts which may takethe place of that shown inFigure 12 when such sectioned tile is used with supporting tilessuch as illustrated in Figure .15; and I Figure 15 is a perspective view of a supporting tile.

Referring first to the construction presented in Figures 1 to 9, inclusive, it will be noted that the wall includes a suitable-number of appropriatelyspaced columns 2 I, 2|, in the present instance I-beams, to the inner faces of which, as by bolts or rivets, are secured a number ofhorizontal, vertically-spaced angle-bars or ledge-members 22, '22 with their upper, outwardly-directed flanges cut away at 23, 23 to escape: the columns to which their inner depending flanges are fastened;

These angle-bars carry a proper number of metal supporting clips, brackets, or hangers characterized as a whole 24, 2'4, (see Figure 8) on which the supporting tiles are mounted.

I Each such clip or metallic support 24 has a top, flat part 25 directly aboveand resting on the horizontal flange of the angle-bar 22 withv which it is associated, and the outer or rear end of the portion 25 has a depending book 26 which engages the back edge and marginal part of the angle-bar as shown.

The under side of the portion 25 has a down-. wardly-directed fin or web 21- which at the lower end of its outer edge has a small boss or projection 23 bearing against the inner or front surface ;of the vertical flange of the angle-bar,

- whereby the clip as.a whole is firmly secured to the angle-bar so far as bearing a weight by the clip is concerned, the latter, however, being capable of sliding adjustment or movement along- .the innerend of the part 25 has apair of oppositely-arranged, complementary arms 29, 29 of grooves.

Along the entire outer edge of its top each 29 embrace or partially surround the projection 34 of the 'tile with its ends 3|, 3| occupying the cavities 35, 35, the top wall of recess 33 resting directly on the upper edges of the arms 29,29,

lower. portion only'of the space between the arms- 29, 23 of the next higher clip or bracket 24 (see Figure 9).

The lengths of the two ribs 34 and 36 are substantially equal and each is of less length than the width of the tile by the thicknesses of the two arms 29. Y

.These tiles do not rest upon one another, but, due to a horizontal gap between their adjacent ends, each is individually supported by its own clip or bracket, wherefore there is no cumulative loading of such'refractory-elements.

Each horizontally-spaced pair of such tiles 32, 32 support a larger, intermediaterefractory member or tile 31 of the same thickness and which on its opposite verticalsides or edges has a pair of ribs 33, 33 of less height than the tile- 31 and occupying complementary, equal-length grooves 39, '39 in the upright edges of the pair of supporting-tiles 32, 32, the lowerv end surfaces of the ribs resting on the lower end faces of the such intermediate-tile 31 has an upstanding rib 4| whichoccupies a companion recess 42 in the underside of the tile 31 next above.

For the most part, the construction referred to of the two sets of tiles 32 and 31 provides overlap joints therebetween, and all of such tiles are each pair of supporting-tiles 32, 32, the former may be'made in a plurality of horizontal parts of such sizes that each may expand in its own plane in all four directions due to small gaps or spaces, all around.

Instead of employing a single-tile 31 between or sections I31, I31 as presented in Figure 10,

tudinal top rib I and the comparable bottom the form shown whose aligned ends 3|, 31 extend toward one another but are spaced apart as in dicated.

On eachsuch clip or bracket one of the supporting-tiles or refractory-blocks is mounted, the

and, in this instance, the vertical ribs I33, I33

on opposite ends of each of the three ele ents unite'dly correspond to the pair of -rib 33,; 3 of .the unit member '31. f 2* Each element I31 has an upstanding, longirecess I42 to receive therib I of the next lower sectionythe rib I of 1 the uppermost section corresponding to the rib 4| of tile 31 (Figure 7) and the bottom recess I42 of the lowermost section I31 corresponding to the recess 42 of such tile 31.

sauces The manner ingfwhich the specified elemen of the furnace-wallare erected in place is obvious, including the sliding along into place and finally an outer layer 53 of suitable insulationmaterial, such as asbestos alone or in combination with one or more other materials, is provided at the outer surface of the tile-wall.

Such wall as constitutes the main heat-insulating agent, the inner tile-wall forming a heatsupporting-tiles being shown in Figure 13, these having. their bottom and top ends like the tiles of Figures and 6, except that instead of the tongue and groove structures 38 and 39 (Figures 5, 6 and 7), the modified style 5i has projections 52, 52 extended outwardly from its opposite side faces, the upper ends of such extensions sloping slightly downwardly outwardly and the projections being undercut in similar manner, such extensions of a'pair of blocks bi, bi being adapted to be received in conformable corner recesses 53, 53 in the lower parts of the modified companion intermediate-tile at.

As will be readily understood, the lugs 52, 52 of adjacent tiles 5!, 5| support a tile 56 between them, the sloping characteristics of the lugs and complementary recesses precluding unintentional displacement of the supported tile.

A further embodiment of the invention is depicted in Figures 14 and 15, the former showing a Figure 12 type of tile supplied in three. horizontal, superposed parts, and Figure 15 illustrating the shape and form of one of the pair of companion supporting-tiles.

Referring to the three tile-sections I54, 254, and 355, each has its pair of lower undercut recesses or cavities I53, I53 and each of the two sections I54 and 254 has a longitudinal bottom recess I55 positioned in the assembled relation of the sections to receive the top rib I51 of the next lower section, whereby all three sections have overlap joints between them.

Each of the correlative supporting-tiles I5I (Figure 15) has three pairs of lugs or projections I52, I52 similar to, but smaller than, the comparable members 52, 52 (Figure 13).

As in the previous instance, all of the recesses I53 and projections I52 have the undercut and sloping features herelnabove referred to.

Obviously, in this case, each section I54, 254 and 354 has its own pair of lugs I52 of two tiles I5I to support it.

From what precedes, it will be apparent that the new furnace-wall includes the combination supports, and by support in this manner relieving cumulative loading of the refractories thereby permittinga wall to be erected to extreme heights, andto allow the ready replacement of refractory blocks or tiles from within or without the furnace, and without disturbing the integrity of the wall above or below or adlacent to sion-joint provided around all four sides of each refractory wall block.

Also, from the foregoing, it will be understood that extremely wide spacing of the upright supports may be employed without appreciably increasing the cost of metal supporting material.

Again, the novel construction limits the inside hot surface temperature of the refractories only by the junction temperature between the refractories and the insulation applied to their exteriors, which junction temperature, of course, must be below that which is permissible for the insulating-material used.

Further, the increased outer surfaces-of the refractories'allow easier and more homogeneous application of the insulation, thus sealing the walls against detrimental or disserviceable air interpenetration.

The invention as defined by the appendedclaims is not necessarily limited and restricted to the precise and exact details of structure shown and described because these are subject to modification without departure from the heart andessence of the invention and without the lossor sacrifice of any of its material benefits or advantages.

I claim: v

1. In a furnace-wall of the type having a metalframe-work, including horizontal vertically-spaced metal-bars, metal-brackets mounted on said bars and projecting inwardly of the furnace, a tile-wall including sustaining-tiles and other tiles supported solely thereby, said sustaming-tiles being. arranged in spaced-apart upright rows of single-tiles, said supported-tiles being arranged in single upright rows between said sustaining-tile rows and mounted on and solely supported thereby, each said bracket having the lower end of one of said sustaining-tiles mounted on and carried thereby and also retaining in position the top portion of the next lower sustainof spaced, upright, metal supports, horizontal or level, vertically-separated ledge-members or angle-bars mounted on such uprights, a plu'-.

rality of metal supporting-elements or castings projecting inwardly from such ledge-members and each supporting a relatively-thin wall-block, each pair of which in turn support between them a comparatively-thin wall-block, the structure employing a minimum weight of metal material to perform this operation and wherein such metal is not stressed beyond that stress which will produce 1% creep in 100,000 hours at the particular temperature imposed on the metal ing-tile of the upright row, the novel features being that each said bracket has at its inner end a pair of opposed oppositely-arranged arms unitediv partially enclosing a space open both at the top and bottom of said arms, the bottom portion of each such sustaining-tile having a rib fitted in the upper part of said space of its bracket, each such sustaining-tile at its top having an upstanding rib occupying the lower portion of said space of the next higher bracket.

2. In a furnace-wall ofthe type having a metal-framework, including horizontal vertically spaced metal-bars, metal-brackets mounted on said bars and projecting inwardly of the furnace, a tile-wall including sustaining-tiles and other tiles supported solely thereby, said sustainingtiles being arranged in spaced-apart upright rows of single-tiles, said supported-tiles being arranged in single upright rows between said sustaining-tile rows and mounted on and solely supported thereby, each said bracket having the lower end of one of said sustaining-tiles mounted on and carried thereby and also retaining in positionjthe top portion of the next lower sustaining-tile of the upright row, the novel features the repair area, and with an expana pair of opposed oppositely-arranged arms united partially enclosing a space open both at the top and bottom of the arms,.the outer side of the bottom of each such sustaining-tile having a recess with a rib of the tile projecting downwardly into'such recess and fitted in the upper part of said space of its bracket, each such sustaining-tile at its top having an upstanding rib occupying the lower portion of said space of th next higher bracket.

3. The furnace-wall set forth in claim 1 in which all of said tiles are of the same general thickness and are all in the same plane.

4. The furnace-wall setforth in claim 1 in which each said supported-tile is composed of a plurality of horizontal sections with overlapped joints between them.

5. The furnace-wall set forth in claim 1 in which eachof said supported-tiles has an oversupported solely thereby, said sustaining-tiles being arranged in spaced-apart upright rows of single tiles, said supported-tiles being arranged in single upright rows between said sustainingtile rows and mounted on and supported solely thereby, each said bracket having the lower end of one of said sustaining-tiles mounted on and carried thereby and also retaining in position the top portion of the next lower sustaining-tile of the upright row, the novel features being that each such bracket is located above said flange of the corresponding liar, has a-downwardly-directed hook tak'ng around the rear edge of said flange, and has a projection bearing only on the lower part of the front face of said plate-portion, each such brackzt having at its inner end a pair said first rib and of substantially the same length as the overall length of said first rib, the ends of said second rib and those of the longer portion of said first rib being equally spaced from the-sides of the tile, the longer portion of said first rib beingfitted in the upper part of said space of its bracket, the second rib of such tile occupying the lower portion of the space of the next higher bracket.

7. A metallic-bracket for mountinga tile on the metal-framework of a furnace-wall, said bracket having a main bar-portion with a downwardly-directed hook at one end, a depending web with 'a projection on the lower part of its edge toward said hook, and a pair of arms on the end of said bar-portion opposite said hook, said arms unitedly partially enclosing a space open both at the top and at the bottom of said arms.

- 8. A rectangular tile having a recessacross the bottom of the outer portion of the tile and into which recess projects a rib downwardly extended from thetop wall of said recess and also outwardly projecting from the inner wall of said recess, said rib being of less length than'the recessed width'of the tile, said rib having a longer outer portion directly integrally connected to said inner wall by a shorter inner portion, the top of said tile having an upstanding second rib in register with said first rib and of substantially the same length as the overall length of said first rib, the ends of said second rib and those of the longer portion of said first rib being equally spaced from the sides of the block.

9. The tile presented in claim 8 in which the opposite sides of the block have vertical grooves extended downwardly from the, top' of the block and terminating short of the bottom of the block.

10.'A rectangular-tile having a-plane bottom edge except for a recess across the full width of thetile at the back of the bottom edge thereof, the top of said tile having a plane edge except that at its back it has an upstanding rib of subof opposed oppositely-arranged arms partially enclosing a space open at the top and bottom of said arms, eachsaid sustaining-tile having a recess across the bottom of the outer portion of the tile and into which recess projects a first rib downwardly-extended from the top wall of said recess and also outwardly-projectingfrom the inner wall of said recess, said rib being of less length than the recessed width of the block,'

said rib having a longer outer portion directly integrally connected to said inner wall by a shorter inner portion, thetop of said block having annpstanding second rib in register with stantiallythe same dimensions as said recess, the opposite vertical sides of said tile having means for supporting the tile by cooperating means of adjacent members.

11. A. rectangular-tile divided horizontally to provide a plurality of sections, the bottom section having a recess across the full width of said section at'the back of the bottom thereof,

the top of the uppermost section having at its back an upstanding rib of substantially the same dimensions as said recess, the opposite vertical sides of the sectioned tile having means for the supportoi the tile by cooperating means of adjacent members, said sections having overlapped joints between one another.

NELS E. WERNER. 

